Accessibility Strategy

Vì sao

• Inclusivity — 15% population disability worldwide.
• Legal: ADA (US), EU EAA, VN Disability Law 2010.
• SEO benefit (alt text, semantic HTML).
• Better UX cho mọi user (curb-cut effect).

WCAG 2.2 levels

• A — minimum compliance.
• AA — industry standard (banking, gov mandatory).
• AAA — gold standard (rarely full compliance).

4 principles (POUR)

• Perceivable — text alt, captions.
• Operable — keyboard nav, no seizure trigger.
• Understandable — readable, predictable.
• Robust — assistive tech compatible.

Automated tools (catch ~30% issues)

• axe-core — Deque, integrate in unit test.
• Lighthouse — Chrome DevTools.
• WAVE — browser extension.
• Pa11y — CLI.

Manual test (catch the other 70%)

• Keyboard only — Tab navigate entire app.
• Screen reader (NVDA, VoiceOver, TalkBack) — actually listen.
• Color contrast checker.
• Zoom 200% — UI still work?
• User testing with disabled users.

Common WCAG fail

• Image no alt text.
• Form label missing.
• Color contrast < 4.5:1.
• Click target < 44px.
• Focus indicator removed (outline: none).
• Auto-play with no pause.

VN context

• Government website (chinhphu.vn) mandatory WCAG AA.
• Banking app increasingly comply.
• Edtech (Vietnamcos) — strong incentive for inclusivity.

Build into process

• Designer use accessibility annotation in Figma.
• Dev run axe-core in unit test.
• QA include a11y in regression suite.